The ongoing Iran war is threatening food security in Africa, with potential consequences that could severely impact the continent’s most vulnerable populations. Reports indicate that as of May 1, 2026, the conflict has led to significant disruptions in agricultural imports, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Documents show that Yara International, the world’s largest fertiliser company, has faced challenges due to rising fertiliser prices, which have surged by 60% to 70% since the onset of the war. This dramatic increase in costs affects farmers who are already struggling to maintain production levels amidst a volatile market. In fact, S&P Global has highlighted that food supply chains suffer from restrictions on fuel and fertiliser availability as a direct consequence of the conflict.
Africa remains a major food importer despite its potential for agricultural production. The region’s reliance on nitrogenous fertilisers from Gulf states accounts for approximately 35% of the world’s supply of urea. Countries like Ethiopia and Kenya are particularly exposed to fluctuations in these imports, which complicates their ability to sustain local agriculture.
In response to these pressing issues, the European Union has announced grant aid of up to €50,000 for farmers adversely affected by the Iran war. However, experts warn that without immediate action and support, many communities may face dire shortages and increased prices for essential food items.
Svein Tore Holsether, CEO of Yara International, emphasized the urgency of addressing these challenges: “The most important thing we can do now is raise the alarm on what we are seeing right now – that there is a risk of a global auction on fertiliser that means it becomes unaffordable for those most vulnerable.” His comments reflect broader concerns regarding how rising costs could lead to significant hardships for agricultural workers across Africa.
The implications extend beyond just economic factors; anecdotal evidence suggests that some individuals may be forced to abandon farming altogether due to financial losses. As one unnamed worker lamented, “Farming only leads to financial losses. I’d rather work as a day labourer and earn 100 to 200 baht a day just to get by.” This sentiment underscores the precarious situation faced by many as they navigate an increasingly challenging landscape.
The Iran war continues to deepen its impact on supply chains affecting food security throughout Africa. With ammonia supplies disrupted and fertiliser production hampered, there is little clarity on when normalcy might return or how countries will adapt in the interim.